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Health Line
a day ago
- Health
- Health Line
What Are the Side Effects of Drinking Red Bull?
Red Bull may raise your energy and improve your performance, but some people also experience side effects such as increased heart rate, impulsive behavior, and the risk of health conditions. Red Bull is one of the highest-selling energy drinks in the world. However, despite its popularity, there are concerns about side effects, especially if mixed with alcohol. It's also high in sugar and low in nutrients. For some people, drinking coffee or tea may be a preferable alternative. This article reviews the possible side effects of Red Bull, including whether drinking too much of it could be life threatening. What is Red Bull? First sold in 1987 in Austria, Red Bull is a carbonated drink containing caffeine and other energy-boosting compounds, including several B vitamins and taurine. While the exact composition varies by country, additional ingredients in Red Bull or other energy drinks can include sugar, artificial colors and flavors, carbonated water, and legal stimulants, such as guarana and L-carnitine. One 12-ounce (355-ml) can provides: Calories: 160 Protein: 0.99 grams (g) Fat: 0 g Carbs: 40.1 g Sugar: 38 g Sodium: 99.4 milligrams (mg) It also contains certain B vitamins, including niacin (B3), B6, and B12. Red Bull has sugar-free options, including Red Bull Zero and Red Bull Sugarfree, which are made with artificial sweeteners, such as sucralose and acesulfame K, instead of sugar. While the ingredients in Red Bull may provide a temporary boost of energy, they may also cause short- and long-term side effects, especially in larger quantities. Possible side effects of drinking Red Bull Though Red Bull remains a popular beverage, research suggests that it may have the following effects on your health. Increased blood pressure and heart rate Blood pressure and heart rate are two important measures of heart health. As your heart rate rises, so does your diastolic blood pressure. Someone with persistently high blood pressure may have a higher risk of health conditions, such as heart disease, stroke, and heart attack. A 2020 review highlights mixed research into Red Bull's effects on heart rate and blood pressure. Some studies demonstrated no significant differences in heart rate or blood pressure after Red Bull intake. However, others suggest Red Bull may cause significant increases in both parameters, particularly in comparison to people who drank tap water. One small 2023 study of 30 young female adults found that Red Bull consumption caused a decrease in heart rate and a small increase in blood pressure. However, the researchers emphasize the need for more research. Increases in heart rate and blood pressure may be due to the caffeine and stimulant content of Red Bull. Moderate and occasional intake of Red Bull is unlikely to cause serious heart problems in healthy adults. However, people with pre-existing high blood pressure or heart problems may benefit from checking with a healthcare professional before drinking Red Bull. Increased type 2 diabetes risk As Red Bull is sugar-sweetened — providing 38 g of sugar in one 12-ounce (355-ml) serving — excessive or regular consumption could increase your risk of type 2 diabetes. Tooth damage Research indicates that regularly or excessively drinking acidic, carbonated soft drinks can damage tooth enamel, which is the hard outer coating that helps protect your teeth against decay. Red Bull is an acidic beverage. Regular intake may harm your tooth enamel. A 2021 cell study tested four acidic drinks — Red Bull, TNT Energy Drink, Monster, and Coca-Cola — on dental enamel. All drinks in the study eroded tooth enamel. TNT Energy Drink caused the greatest percentage of loss, followed by Red Bull. Adverse effects on kidney and liver health While occasionally drinking Red Bull is unlikely to have any serious effects on your kidney health, research suggests that chronic and excessive intake could. A 2023 review of energy drink consumption suggests an association between liver toxicity and large amounts of niacin (vitamin B3), which is present in Red Bull. The review suggests that taurine in Red Bull and other energy drinks may be a contributing factor to acute kidney injury. Increased impulsive behavior Research suggests an association between drinking energy drinks and increased risk-taking behavior, especially in children and teenagers. These effects may increase if someone combines Red Bull with alcohol. A 2018 animal study suggests drinking Red Bull may lead to a higher consumption of alcohol and, therefore, blood alcohol concentrations. Alcohol may also significantly increase the stimulating effects of energy drinks, which may lessen feelings of intoxication and contribute to the risk of impulsive, risk-taking behaviors. Of course, not everyone who drinks Red Bull will experience a change in their behavior. Still, it's important to be aware of the potential risks, especially in younger adults and when alcohol is involved. Caffeine overdose and possible toxicity While safe doses of caffeine vary by individual, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends limiting caffeine to 400 mg per day or less for most adults. As one 12-ounce (355-ml) can of Red Bull provides 111 mg of caffeine, drinking more than four cans per day could increase your risk of caffeine overdose. The average half-life of caffeine in the blood ranges from 4 to 5 hours in healthy adults. This means it could take this long for your caffeine blood levels to drop to half of the original amount. This makes it hard to know exactly how much Red Bull could lead to a caffeine overdose. Additionally, adolescents and children may have a greater risk of caffeine-related side effects. The FDA suggests they may experience symptoms such as heart palpitations, sleep issues, dehydration, and more. Current recommendations call for limiting caffeine to 100 mg or less per day in adolescents ages 12 to 19. Drinking more than one 12-ounce (355-ml) serving of Red Bull could increase the risk of caffeine overdose in this age group. Symptoms of caffeine overdose and toxicity can include: nausea vomiting hallucinations anxiety rapid heart rate dizziness trouble sleeping seizures Is sugar-free Red Bull healthier? Sugar-free Red Bull is lower in calories and sugar but has a similar amount of caffeine to regular Red Bull and, therefore, likely the same potential side effects. Despite not providing sugar, sugar-free Red Bull may still increase your risk of type 2 diabetes if consumed regularly, as it contains artificial sweeteners. In fact, research associates regular intake of artificial sweeteners with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and has its own potential safety concerns and side effects. Can drinking too much Red Bull be life threatening? While rare, research links excessive intake of Red Bull and similar energy drinks to heart problems and death. There's also a chance that cases of death involving energy drink consumption are underreported. Many factors affect how much caffeine you have to consume for it to be dangerous and potentially life threatening. Life threatening heart events may be more likely when a person mixes Red Bull with alcohol. Energy drinks may also include additional sources of caffeine that the label does not clearly outline, making it harder to know how much caffeine you're consuming. Energy drinks may lead to a change in heart rhythm. Certain types of arrhythmias may result in cardiac events that lead to death. More research is necessary on how the combination of ingredients in Red Bull may affect risks for heart attack and other serious side effects. As such, pregnant people, children, people with heart problems, and caffeine-sensitive individuals may benefit from avoiding Red Bull entirely or speaking with a doctor before drinking any.
Daily Mail
5 days ago
- Business
- Daily Mail
What a mess Crystal Palace's European saga is - and the blame lies with UEFA, writes MIKE KEEGAN
The law is an ass – and with every passing day its enforcement appears to resemble a donkey derby. UEFA first introduced rules on multi-club ownership in 1998. The aim was to prevent collusion. How is that working out? In recent times Red Bull Leipzig and Red Bull Salzburg have competed in the Champions League, as have Girona and Manchester City, who both come under the City Football Group. Why? Because their owners, well aware of the steps needed, ticked the relevant boxes in time. Indeed, when it looked like Nottingham Forest and Olympiakos may both qualify for the Champions League – and potentially breach the rules – Evangelos Marinakis did what everyone else in that position does and placed his shares in Forest into a blind trust. What Palace are guilty of is not colluding with Lyon, who are owned by former major shareholder John Textor, but of failing to play along with the game. Unsurprisingly, they are now in war mode at Selhurst Park ahead of an appeal to the Court of Arbitration for Sport. The shovels are out and it would appear that the digging is unearthing all manner of dirt. As Mail Sport has revealed, Palace are expected to demand that UEFA hands over what they believe are bombshell emails and texts that exist between the governing body and Nottingham Forest. UEFA introduced multi-club ownership rules to prevent collusion, but that has hardly worked They are firmly of the view that the documents prove that Forest were given extra time beyond the March 1 deadline to comply with the rules. As it turned out, Marinakis was removed as a person of significant control of NF Football Investments, the vehicle that owns the club, on April 30. Should Palace succeed with their demand, they believe the documents would represent the smoking gun they need to present to the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) as it would clearly indicate double standards. Furthermore, UEFA's case stands and falls on the March 1 deadline, which was brought forward for this season. Confirmation of an extension for one and not another would at the very least raise serious questions. When Mail Sport asked chairman Steve Parish for his observations following Palace's crunch hearing at UEFA HQ, he declined to comment. However, earlier this week, he took a swipe at the 'beneficiaries'. 'If there wasn't someone who wanted to get in as a consequence, then there wouldn't be a problem,' he told The Rest is Football podcast. 'People have to look at themselves in terms of what they do. Some people say it's fine, some say it's not. I don't have control of that. I have control of the arguments we put forward to UEFA.' But Forest are looking out for, rather than at, themselves, which ironically is the sole thing every Premier League club has in common. At the City Ground they were aware of the initial deadline and of the issue and reacted accordingly, albeit even if they did need additional time. As things transpired, Forest did not qualify for the Champions League and so there may be an element of the red herring. It is impossible not to feel sympathy for Palace and their fans. The enemy here, however, lies at the side of Lake Geneva, rather than the River Trent.
The Independent
10-07-2025
- Sport
- The Independent
Christian Horner gives emotional speech to Red Bull staff after shock sacking
Christian Horner delivered an emotional speech to Red Bull staff following his shock sacking. He appeared to break down in tears during his address to the team. The speech, captured by Sky Sports on Wednesday, saw Horner admit the news came as a surprise. He thanked the staff for their significant contributions over his 20-and-a-half years at Red Bull. Watch the video above.
The Independent
10-07-2025
- Sport
- The Independent
Watch: Christian Horner gives emotional speech after Red Bull F1 sacking
Christian Horner appeared to break down in tears as he delivered an emotional speech to Red Bull staff following his shock sacking. Horner addressed his staff at a speech captured by Sky Sports on Wednesday (9 July). Admitting the news came as a shock to him, Horner said: 'What I have had time to do is reflect over the last 12 hours or so. And I wanted to stand in front of all of you and express my gratitude to each and every single member of the team that has given so much during the last 20-and-a-half years that I've been here.'
